What is N-P-K Fertilizer

N-P-K FERTILIZER LABELS

Every fertilizer label will give information relating to its “N-P-K” content, expressed as a number ratio. On the label, you’ll see numbers like 5-10-10, 10-10-10, and 

10-6-4. 

There is valuable information in the labeled numbers: They indicate the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (standardized in that order) in the particular fertilizer blend.

For example, 100-pound bag of 10-10-10 contains ten pounds of each element. The rest is filler, which gives it bulk and makes it easier to spread.

Nitrogen (N) is needed for leaf growth and is responsible for making plants greener. Plants that are almost all leaves need a lot of nitrogen, so look for a fertilizer with a high first number. The higher the number, the more nitrogen the fertilizer provides. This is why most lawn fertilizers are high in nitrogen, with formulations like 24-4-12 or 20-2-6.

Phosphorus (P) promotes root development, which helps to anchor and strengthen plants. It also increases bloom and fruit production. Tomatoes and root crops favor “snacks” of 5-10-10.

Potassium (K), also known as potash, helps the plant fight off diseases and keeps it vigorous, enabling them to withstand extreme temperatures and ward

off disease.

Plants deficient in potash may display stunted leaves and fruit and be extra sensitive to drought. Because most soils already contain potassium, the third number in the fertilizer ratio tends to be the smallest.

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